wo 

\H5\ 

,^■3 






























TRANSFER 


FABM INCOME AND FAMILY LIVING 
An Investigation Based, on 10^5 Farm and Home Account 
Books of Iov'a Farm Security Administration 
Borrowers in 1939 * 


Part I - Family Living 


lO 

HAR 11 1944 : 
j Record Division/ 

| flwUfcfiff 9f Gtoptss I 

btny _ 

~ - — - _ 



Incomes made and Incomes Used in The Type-of-Farming Areas. 
























FOHEWuBD 


/ 

Family records used in this study were supervised by field supervisors of the Farm Security 
Administration. F;ach of the 60 FSA offices was asked to submit 25 farm and home record books 
covering the period from March 1, 1939. to March 1, 1940. Of the books submitted, 1045 (see map, 
back cover) wore complete enough to be used. It seems likely, therefore, that the bettor records 
may have been sent in for the study, and that the situations shown may be typical only for the 
more capable FSA families. 

S 

Due to the emphasis on home production in the FSA program, and the size and age of the 
families included, this study may show more home produced foods used than is usual for families 
of comparable income. It appears that these families used substantially more home produced foods 
than families studied in the sample survey of Iowa farms in 1939* (See Appendix D). However, 
low income families studied in the sample survey were smaller, and only 19 percent were families 
in which the head was under ago 35? for 5*o percent of the 1045 FSA families the head v/as under 
ago 35* Although these 1045 families used more farm goods than is usual for families of similar 
income, they used considerably less than families on the more highly commercialized farms (Farm 
Business Association Families). Amounts used by the 1045 are also slightly less than those used 
by the Union County FSA families where somewhat more intensive supervision has been given. (See 
Appendix E). 

The transcriptions, summarizations, and general computations made from the farm and 
home records were done through the facilities of the Work Projects Administration on Project 
No. 65-1-72-2312. The sponsoring agencies were the Iowa Agricultural Extension Service and 
the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station. This work was accomplished as a part of the total 
project, during the twelve-month period from M<arch 1, 1940, to March 1, 1941. The project 
site v/as at West High School, Des Moines, in Polk County, Iowa. 


Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics 
Iowa State College of Agriculture and the U. S. Dept, 
of Agriculture Cooperating. Distributed in 
Furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8> and June 30.1914. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 


*/ <2 f <0 V y 


Page 


Summary. 1 

The Average Farm Security Administration Family. 2 

Tables I & II. 8 & 9 

Income Affects Living...,,. 3 

Tables I, II, III & IV. 8-11 

Family Composition Affects Cash and Farm Goods Used.......... 4 

Tables V, VI, VII & VIII.12 - 15 

Family Living in the Type-of-Farming Areas... 5 

Tables IX & X....l6 & 1? 

Family Living on the Various Size Farms. 5 

Tables XI to XVI.18 - 23 

Planned and Actual Spending. 6 

Tables XVII & XVIII.24 - 25 

Planned and Actual Home Produced Goods. 7 

Tables XIX & XX... 26-27 

Appendix A - Prices Used to Compute Values of Farm 

Goods Used for Living. .28 

Appendix B - Definition of Terms...28 

Appendix C - Number of Families in Groupings by Income, Family 

Composition Type, Size Farm, and Type-of-Farming Area.29 

Appendix D - Comparison with Sample Survey......30 

Appendix E - Comparison with All Union County FSA and Farm 

Management Association Families. 30 



PolJt I 








































SUMMAHT 


1• Farm furnished goods provided 43 percent of the total living. This term "value of living" is used to 
indicate eash expenditures plus purchase value of farm goods used for living. House rent values are 
not included because they were not available. Of the average family* s food 66 .percent was farm furnished. 
Home produced and purchased food averaged $85 per person and constituted well over half the family 
living. 

2. For many of the lower income families, the living took more than the net farm income. However, bettor 
situated families had margins above living costs, making possible payments on debts or expansion of 
farm enterprises. 

3. For the larger families, neither farm furnished nor purchased goods wore proportionately larger than, for 
the smaller families. The largest families averaged only 60 percent more cash and farm goods than the 
smallest families, wheroas there were more than four times as many persons to be provided for. 

4. For families similar in size, those with older children used only slightly more cash and farm goods 
than families with only younger children. 

5. The value of living and the margin of income above the living costs showed marked variations from one 
type-of-farming area to another. The highest average net farm income appeared in the North Central Grain 
area, and was 64 percent higher than in the Southern Pasture Area, which had the lowest. But the value 
of living (cash plus farm goods used) wa.s only about one fourth higher, and the margin of income above 
living cost was three times as large. 

6 . On the farms of various size, farm goods used and cash expenditures increased in about the same proportion. 
The smallest farms (those under 60 acres) did not have incomes large enough, on the average, to cover the 
family living. Familios on the 60-99 acre farms used 82 percent' of thoir incomo for living on an -average. 

7 . Only about one-fourth of the families adhered closely to the spending plan. The lower income groups tended 
to under-spend, and higher income groups to over-spend thoir plans. Food plans were over-spent by more 
families than any other item; over half the families spent more than 110 percent of the planned amount 

for food. 

8 . Amounts of all farm furnished goods wore lower than the planned amounts. The use of fresh fruits and veg¬ 
etables was farther bolow the plans than any other farm foods. The actual amount of fresh vegetables was 
less than half the planned amount; only a fourth of the planned amount of fresh home grown fruit was used. 
On the other hand, actual amounts of milk, eggs, potatoes and canned fruit were all over 80 percent of the 
planned amount. 


-1 
















FABM INCOME AND FAMILY LIVING 

An Investigation Based on 1045 Farm and Hone Account Books of Iowa 
Farm Security Administration Borrowers in 1939 

By Dorothy Simmons, L.K. Macy & L.G-. Allbaugh 

Part I - Family Living 


The Average Family* 

The living of IOO3 Iowa F.S.A. families in 
1939 was provided hy an average of $326 in cash and 
$149 worth of fe.rm products.* 5 " The sum of these 2 
figures, $475. supplied tho needs of 4 people in 
the average family and took 66 percent of tho fam¬ 
ily^ net farm income. 5 "* 5 " Tho percent of net farm 
income used for living indicates the financial pro¬ 
gress tho families wero able to make, since net 
farm income represents the net oarnings of the 
farm family. 

Purcha.se values assigned to farm goods 
brought the total value of living (cash and farm 
goods) up to $573* Diis value does not include 
any allowance for rental value of the farm 
dwelling. 

The value of household goods had been in¬ 
creased by $36 during the year. 

Thirty-seven percent of tho total cash spent 
went for food. In addition, the average family 
used $221 (purchase value) of farm furnished food. 
This brought the total food, farm and purchased, to 


$85 per person. Food accountod for 59 percent of the 
total value of living. 5 "** Percent of the total liv¬ 
ing represented by food indicates how much or little 
went to round out the living after tho food had been 
provided. In other words, a high percent of total 
living representod by food left little for othor 
things that contribute to other typos of satisfac¬ 
tions in life. 

Sixty-five porcent of tho total food, ojid 
43 percent of the total living was farm furnished. 5 "* 
The percent of the total, food, and percent of the 
total living home produced both indicate that those 
familios have gone a long way in becoming less de¬ 
pendent upon cash expenditures for their living. 

For tho lower income group, this assured a much 
better living than would otherwise bo possible. 

For tho more fortunato, it resulted mainly in re¬ 
leasing money for debt retirement, savings, or 
expansion of farm enterprises, hence increasing 
the family* s security to tho extent that cash- 
expenditures wore off-sot. 

Farm furnished food included, per person, 


•"See Table I & II, p* 8 & 9* 

**Sale value. See Appendix A for prices used. 
**""Soo Appendix B for definition. 


-2- 





* :y /v. r 


* 


I*. f, 


ix 
























283 quarts milk; 3^5 eggs; 64 quarts canned fruits 
and vegetables, and roughly 87 pounds of pork and 
■beef.* Per person quantities of various foods in¬ 
dicate roughly the .adequacy of the diet, although 
the age, activity, .and sox of individuals influence 
food needs a great deal* An egg-a-day, and 80quarts 
per-ycar of canned fruits and vegetables arc per- 
person standards used by B. S.A. supervisors, 

INCOME AFFECTS LIVING ** 

Both the cash and farm goods used for living 
appear to be affected by not farm income* Total in¬ 
come used varied from an average of $372 for fant- 
ilies with incomes under $ 250 * to $819 for families 
with incomes over $1750***• However, in the higher 
income groups the average size of family was larger 
than in the lower income groups. Por the group with 
incomes under $ 250 , the family living, on the av¬ 
erage, took three times as much as the net farm 
income, while the income groups above $1000 used 
less than half of their incomes for living,*** 

The group having incomes $500-750 was the 
lowest income group in which the average net farm 
income was larger than the average income used for 
living, so that any debt retirement, savings, or 
expansion of enterprises was possible. 

The portion of cash expenditures going for 
food varied only from 33 porccnt for the highest 
income group to 39 percent for the lowest income 
group. Within a specific family type this var¬ 


*Drosscd wt. computed from live wt. figures in 

Table II, 

** See Table I & II, p. 8 & 9 , 

***Sco Appendix B for definitions 


iation was even loss and did not correspond to in¬ 
come changes at all.* 

All items of expenditure increased with the in¬ 
creased incomes. The medical and food items for the 
highest group were twice as big as for the lowest 
group. Por clothing, household operation, and furn¬ 
ishings, the highest income group spent three times 
as much, and for cducation-rccreation-giving, four 
times as much as the lowest income group. 

The four lowest income groups produced two- 
thirds of the total food on the farm while the highest 
income group produced three-fifths. 

The total food (purchased and farm) made up 
62 percent of the total living for the two lowest 
income groups as compared with 53 percent for the 
highest income group. Parm and purchased food came 
to $81 and $78 per person for the two lowest income 
groups as compared to $99 per person for the highest 
group. 


Since per capita consumption of milk, eggs, 
meat, and canned fruit and vegetables did not appear 
to increa.se with the increased incomes, it would 
appear that some factor other than, or in addition 
to, income affected those items. In comparing these 
items for the five income groups of families having 
one or two children under age 7 , per person amounts 
of milk, eggs, and meat increased materially as in¬ 
comes increased.** The highest amount of canned 
fruit and vegetables appeared for the highest income 


'♦Sec Table III, p. 10 
**Sce Table IV,p. 11. 



































. 










’ 


















V 

























































group. However, the average amounts canned in the 
other income groups were not correspondingly lower. 

FAMILY COMPOSITION AFFECTS CASH MS HARM 

GOODS USED** 


Total farm goods and cash used ranged from 
the $4l2 average for the families without children 
to $ 66 l for the group with five or more where the 
oldest child was over age l 6 . This difference of 
only 60 percent had to cover the needs of more than 
four times as many persons. 

Both the age and the number of children af¬ 
fected the total income used for living. The rec¬ 
ords indicated that the number of family members had 
more effect on the amount of farm and purchased food 
than did the age of the children. But for cash 
expenditures and most items except food, the age of 
the children had more effect. 

When all families are considered, those having 
older children spent larger amounts for family liv¬ 
ing, but because their incomes wore also larger, 
these expenditures for living constituted a smaller 
percentage of the net farm income than for the 
younger families. However, for families in the 
$500-749 income group, there was a drop in both 
income and income-used-for-living for ti^o of the 
groups with children over age l 6 ***. However, 
income dropped more than income-used, hence per¬ 
cent of income usod was larger for the older fam¬ 
ilies in this income group. 


**Seo Table V & VI, p.12 A 13 

***Sec Table VII & VIII, p.l4 & 15 


The large families used a higher proportion of 
their net farm income than the small families in each 
age group. This figure varies from 53 percent for the 
man-and-wife families, to 77 percent for the group 
having 5 or more children, the oldest age 7 to l 6 . 

Per person quantities of all farm foods was 
smaller for large than for small families. Even f 01 - 
milk, the man-an d—wi fc families averaged substant¬ 
ially more per person than any of the groups having 
children. 

The total food per person (farm and purchased) 
varied from the $132 average for mon-andr-wife families 
to the $60 and $53 averages for the two groups of 
families with five or more children. The proportion 
of the total food home produced for the family types 
varied only from 63 to 67 percent, while the percent 
of total living home produced varied from 40 percent 
for man-and-wife families to 49 and 4S percent for 
the two groups having five or more children. 

The percent of the living represented by food 
ranged from 54 percent for man—and-v/ife families to 
64 and 66 percent for the two groups with five or 
more children. For these large families, only about 
35 percent of the cash and farm goods remained to 
round out the living alter the food was provided. 

FAMILY LIVING IN THE FIVE TYPE-OF-FARMING AREAS* 

The value of living ranged from the $519“ 
average in the Southern Pa.sture Area to $640 in 


*See Table IX, p. 16 












s -. 




























c- 














the North Central Grain Section (see map, cover page). 
This difference corresponds to the difference in av¬ 
erage not farm income in the various areas. In the 
Southern Pasture Area, 73 percent of the net farm 
income was used to provide the living ($ 519 )> while 
only 57 percent was required to provide the $640 
living in the North Central Area. 

The purchase value of farm goods used was 
nearly equal in the five areas. It varied only 
from $238 for the North Central Area to $252 in the 
Northeast Dairy section. However, the percent of 
the total living farm furnished was highest in the 
Southern Pasture Area - 48 percent, compared with 
37 percent in the North Central Grain Area and 43 
percent for the entire state. 

Although the highest amounts of most home 
produced foods appear in the northeast Dairy 
Area, the larger families in that section bring 
per person quantities lower than for any other 
area. Per person use of farm moat and eggs was 
highest in the Western Meat Area; milk consump¬ 
tion per person was highest in the Southern 
Pasture Area; fruit and vegetables canned per 
person was highest in the East Central Meat 
Area. Total food per person, farm and pur¬ 
chased, varied from $91 in the Western Meat 
Area to $79 in the Northeast Dairy section. The 
percent of the totel living represented by fanm 
and purchased food varied only from 55 percent 
for the North Central Area to 62 percent in 
the Southern Pasture Area. 


Examination of these same items for the 160- 
acre farms in each area shows similar variations.* 

That is, low and high figures appear in the same areas 
for the l 60 -acre farms as for all the farms in the area 
The two exceptions a.re the items of eggs and canned 
fruit and vegetables. Eor families on the l60-acre 
farms, more eggs were used per person in the North 
Central Grain Area, and the greatest amount of canning 
appeared in the Southern Pasture Area. 

FAMILY LIVING ON THE VARIOUS SIZE FARMS ** 

The value of family living ranged from the 
$500 average on the smaller-than 60 acre farms to 
$735 on the farms larger than 260 acres. However, 
family size averaged larger for the larger farms also. 
Family living on the large forms ($735) took only 48 
percent of the net farm income, while 5 percent more 
than the not farm income v/as required to provide the 
$ 500 -living on the smallest farms. 

The 60-99 acre farms were the smallest on 
which families on the average did not use quite all 
of their income for living. However, over half the 
families in this group either had no children, or 
children under age 7* Hence, incomes may not have 
been large enough to cover the living had more fam¬ 
ilies with older children and larger families been 
included in the group. 

Purchase values of the farm food and fuel 
varied from $218 for the smallest farms to $3^9 for 
the largest farms. However, the percent of the total 


*Sec Table X p. 17 

** See Table XI p. 18 


















' 






, i' 















■ 







5 


















• * 



living and percent of the total food furnished by the 
farms varied only slightly on the various size farms, 
since cash expenditures increased in about the sane 
proportion as the use of farm goods* 

Families on the smaller farms apparently did 
not achieve a higher degree of self sufficiency by 
releasing labor from the regular farm enterprises 
for more production for family use. On the contrary, 
the cash income from the smaller farms may have been 
so small that families were pressed into selling 
needed farm foods in order to meet their needs for 
cash. 


The value of farm and purchased food varied 
from $83 to $92 per person. The portion of living 
represented by food varied only five percent. 

Per person quantities of meat and eggs tended 
to increase as the size of farm increases. Families 
in the three largest size-of-farm groups used the 
recommended egg-a-day or more. Families on the 
smallest farms came closest to reaching the quart- 
a-day recommendation for milk. However, average 
figures for canning and for milk consumption show 
no definite relation to the size of farm. 

PUMSD AND ACTUAL SPENDING * 

* 

Total spending came within ten percent of 
the planned amount for only 26 percent of the 
families. They planned their food more closely 
than the other items; but even for food only 
one-fourth came within 10 $ of spending the 


* Sec Tables XVII and XVIII, p. 24 & 25 


planned amount. 


Forty-three percent of the families spent less 
than 90 percent of planned amounts for living. Items 
for which the largest number underspent their plans 
were: 

medical - 74 percent 
clothing - 65 percent 
e due a,t i 0 n- r ec re at i on- 
giving - 60 percent 

Only 21 percent of the families under-spent amounts 
planned for food. 

Total spending of nearly one-third of the 
families was more than ten percent over the planned 
amount. Food is the item over-spent by the most 
families - 5^ percent; and furniture-equipment was 
over-spent by 42 percent. 

It seems likely that families under-spent 
their plans in some items cither because of over¬ 
spending in other items, or because realized farm 
income was lower than planned farm income. As 
incomes increased, there was a marked tendency to 
over-spend the plans. That ia, more families in 
the higher income groups over-spent their plans, 
while larger numbers of the lower incomes groups 
under-spent their plans. This tendency was most 
pronounced in the spending for food and for 
furniture• 

The over-spending for furniture probably 
was justifiable in some cases; that is, families 
may have been able, safely, to make needed additions 


























to their household goods more rapidly than they had 
planned. However, it is also probablo than in some 
cases, over-spending for furniture and equipment 
resulted from "buying more goods, or more costly good 
than were needed because the family was temporarily 
not pressed for money for other things. Such fam¬ 
ilies probably would better have adhered more 
closely to thoir spending plan and usod the addition 
al funds to increase their security through debt 

payments-or farm business improvements. 

* 

The over-spending for food probably resulted 
from smaller—than-planned amounts of farm furnished 
food. While higher income families wore not more 
likely than others to use loss than planned amounts 
of farm food, (in fact the opposito is true), they 
probably were more likely to purchase needed food 
when farm foods were not available in sufficient 
quantity. 

There appears to be no narked relationship 
between family type and conformation to the spend¬ 
ing plan. However, in the two groups of big familie 
(5 or more children) more families spent amounts 
approximating their plans for food than in the 
other groups - 31 and 30 percent. Also, these two 
groups of big families were the only ones in which 
less than half the families over-spent their plans 
for food. A preponderance of big families under¬ 
spent their clothing and medical plans. 

PLAITU5D AND ACTUAL HOME PRODUCED FOODS* 

Actual amounts of eggs, milk, and canned 


*Seo Tables XIX & XX, p. 26 & 27 


fruit came closer to planned amounts than the other 
farm goods studied. .-Amounts of fresh fruits and 
vegetables fell short of plans more sharply than any 
other farm foods. 

For milk, eggs, and potatoes the middle income 
groups camo nearer to using the planned amounts than 
did the lower and highor income groups. For both 
fresh and canned vegetables, the highest income groups 
used more nearly the planned amount than the lower 
incomo groups. Milk and canned vegetables were the 
only items of home produced food in which the lowest 
income families fell further short of thoir plans than 
any of the other groups. 

Percentages of planned amounts of farm food 
used by the various family types do not reveal any 
particular types outstanding either in using or fail¬ 
ing to use planned amounts. However, for the families 
with children up to lb years old, the larger families 
tendod to use a slightly smaller proportion of the 
planned amount than the smaller fanilies. Canned 
vegetables was the only item of the six oxaminod in 
which this was not true. In fact, larger families 
appear to have come closer to the planned amount of 
canned vegetables than the smaller fanilies with 
children of the same age. 














Page 8 


Table I - Cash Expenditures for Living by Iowa PSA Families in 1939* 
Grouped According to Net Farm Income.* 



All 

Families 


Families Having Net Farm Incomes 




Under 

$250 

$250 

499 

$500 

749 

9750 

999 

$1000 

1249 

$1250 

1499 

$1500 

1749 

$1750 

vp 

Cash Living Expenditures 

$ 326 

$245 

$ 26 l 

$300 

$ 354 

$ 4oi 

$ 44o 

9 485 

$ 610 

Farm Goods Used (Sale**values) 

$ 1 U 9 

$126 

$136 

$148 

$ 160 

$ 198 

$ 16 b 

$ 175 

$ 209 

Total Income Used 

9 475 

$372 

$397 

$448 


§~559 

$ 606 

$ bbO 

$ 819 

Cash Expenditures 










Food 

$ 119 

$ 95 

$102 

$ll4 

$ 124 

$ 142 

$ 143 

$ 170 

9 199 

Clothing 

53 

37 

42 

50 

60 

66 

68 

S3 

102 

Personal 

17 

16 

15 

17 

19 

20 

21 

22 

25 

Medical 

23 

18 

18 

21 

27 

23 

37 

31 

3S 

Hsld. Operation 

3S 

20- 

27 

35 

4o 

50 

57 

55 

77 

House & Yard 

3 

4 

2 

2 

3 

3 

4 

8 

5 

Furniture, etc. 

32 

24 

25 

26 

35 

4i 

4i 

57 

79 

Education, Recreation, Giving 

28 

15 

21 

25 

31 

32 

47 

4i 

56 

Life Insurance 

13 

8 

9 

10 

15 

18 

22 

IS 

29 

Income - Total cash sales 

$1039 

$7Si 

$795 

$911 

$1137 

$1396 

$1536 

$1606 

$2208 

Net farm income 

$ 717 

$124 

$383 

$612 

$ 911 

$1225 

$1332 

$ 1-545 

$1923 

Net cash income 

$ 130 

$-ll4 

$ 73 

$132 

$ 260 

9173 

9 159 

$ 215 

9 309 

Household Inventory change 

$ 36 

0 33 

$ 27 

$ 33 

$ 35 

$ 4o 

9 47 

$ 82 

0 93 

Household Inventory at end of year***$ 413 

$368 

$341 

$398 

$ 432 

$ 485 

9 532 

$ 516 

$ 671 

io Net farm income used for living 

66 

300 

104 

73 

56 

46 

45 

43 

43 

$> Total cash sales spent for living 

31 

32 

33 

33 

31 

29 

29 

30 

28 

Cash living expenditure for food 

37 

39 

39 

38 

35 

35 

33 

35 

33 

No. of families 

1003 

101 

240- 

260 

207 

95 

57 

22 

21 

Average size family 

4.0 

3.5 

3.9 

4.0 

4.2 

4.0 

4.1 

5.0 

5.0 


* See Appendix B for definition of terms 

** Sec Appendix A for prices used 

*** All household inventory figures probably are high because the families’ own valuations were used. 
















■ * 






. 












\ 













Table II - Farm Goods Used by Iowa FSA Families 
Grouped by Net Farm Income** 


Page 9 



All 

Families 


Families Having Net Farm Income 




Under 

$250 

$250 

499 

$500 

749 

$750 

999 

51000 

1249 

$1250 

1499 

$1500 

1749 

~rrj5s~ 

Up 

Farm Goods Used 










Milk - (gal.) 

283 

299 

313 

287 

307 

278 

307 

325 

354 

Eggs - (doz.) 

115 

117 

122 

111 

120 

3.34 

136 

157 

154 

Hogs - Lbs. live weight 

480 

4o6 

448 

4 7 4 

470 

547 

519 

6o4 

824 

Cattle - lbs. live weight 

106 

S3 

67 

103 

125 

143 

l6l 

115 

204 

Meat canned - qts. 

1 


2 

1 


1 



1 

Potatoes (bu.) 

it 

l4 

16 

18 

18 

18 

19 

24 

23 

Vegetables - fresh (bu.) 

10 

10 

9 

9 

10 

10 

12 

12 

21 

stored (bu.) 

3-5 

4 

2 

3 

4 

4 

5 

9 

4 

canned (qts.) 

157 

138 

147 

160 

162 

l6l 

171 

172 

216 

Fruit - fresh (bu.) 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

4 

2 

3 

stored (bu.) 

1 

1 


1 

1 

1 

1 

1 


canned (qts.) 

100 

92 

107 

89 

108 

92 

114 

H3 

96 

Sale*Value of all farm food 

$ 133 

$113 

$120 

$132 

$145 

$ l44 

$ 150 

$ 157 

$ 189 

Purchase*Value of all farm food 

$ 221 

$187 

$202 

$220 

$278 

$ 232 

$ 243 

$ 255 

$ 297 

Farm Fuel - Sale Value 

$ lo 

$ 13 

$ 16 

$ 16 

$ 15 

$ i4 

$ 16 

$ 18 

$ 20 

Farm Fuel - Purchase Value 

$ 26 

$ 22 

$ 27 

$ 27 

$ 25 

$ 24 

$ 27 

$ 30 

$ 33 

Cash Expenditures for Living 

$ 326 

$246 

$261 

$300 

$354 

$ 4oi 

$ 44o 

$ 485 

$ 610 

Total Value of Living** 

$ 573 

$455 

$490 

$547 

$617 

$ 657 

$ 712 

$ 770 

$ 940 

$ Living home produced 

43 

46 

47 

49 

43 

39 

38 

37 

31 

Food home produced 

65 

66 

66 

66 

66 

62 

63 

60 

60 

$ Living represented by food 

59 

62 

62 

60 

59 

57 

55 

55 

53 

Milk used per person (qts.) 

283 

342 

321 

287 

292 

278 

300 

260 

283 

Eggs used per person 

3^5 

4oi 

375 

3?? 

343 

402 

398 

V, 7 

370 

Beef & pork per person (lbs.live 

wt.) 147 

l4o 

132 

i44 

142 

172 

166 

l44 

205 

Fruits & vegetables canned per 










person (qts.) 

64 

66 

65 

62 

64 

63 

70 

57 

62 

Total food per person (home produced 









and purchased) 

$' 85 

$ 81 

$ 78 

$ 84 

$ 86 

$ 94 

$ 95 

$ 85 

$ 99 

No. of Families 

1003 

101 

240 

260 

207 

95 

57 

22 

21 

Average size family 

4.0 

3.5 

3.9 

4.0 

4.2 

4.0 

4.1 

5.0 

5.0 


*Sce Appendix A for prices used 


**Scc Appendix B for definition 
























Page 10 


Table III - Cash Expenditures for Living by Iowa ESA Families 
With 1 or 2 Children Under Age 7« 

Grouped According to Net Farm Income.* 



All 

Families 

Families 

Under 

$250 

Having Net Farm 

$250 $500 

499 749 

Incomes 

$750 

999 . 

$1000' 

1249 

Total Cash Expenditures 

$ 293 

$22S 

$233 

$300 

$ 329 

$ 390 

Farm Goods Used (Sale Value)** 

$ 127 

$112 

$120 

$121 

? 134 

$ 138 

Total Income Used 

IP^O 

'$346 

0353 


O 63 

$ 528 

Cash Expenditures 

Food 

$ 105 

$ 79 

$ 92 

lOo 

$ 111 

$ 139 

Clothing 

44 

37 

36 

44 

51 

56 

Personal 

17 

18 

15 

18 

18 

21 

Medical 

26 

18 

19 

28 

35 

24 

Hsld. Operation 

35 

28 

25 

37 

41 

49 

House & Yard 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

Furniture, etc. 

32 

32 

20 

33 

35 

44 

Education,Rec..Giving 

20 

9 

16 

20 

21 

33 

Life Insurance 

12 

5 

8 

12 

15 

23 

Income - Total cash sales 

$ 950 

$686 

$721 

$874 

$1129 

$1429 

Net farm income 

$ 617 

$ 90 

$373 

$612 

$ 852 

$1113 

Net cash income 

$ 4o 

$-247 

$ 24 

$ 76 

$ 115 

$ 122 

Household Inventory Change 

$ Ul 

$ 4o 

$ 31 

$ 34 

$ 3 s 

$ 80 

Household Inventory at end of year*** 

$ 427 

$267 

$328 

$407 

$ 405 

$ 494 

$ Net farm income used for living 

70 

37S 

95 

70 

54 

47 

io Total cash sales spend for living 

31 

33 

32 

34 

29 

27 

$ Cash living spend for food 

36 

35 

40 

35 

34 

36 

No. of families 

257 

30 > 

73 

67 

49 

20 

Size of family 

3.*+ 

3.4 

3-3 

3*3 

3. 

4 3 

*See Appendix B for definition 
**See Appendix A for prices used 

***Household inventory figures probably 

are high because families* own 

valuations were 

used. 





















■ 







' 








Table IV - Farm Goods Used by Iowa FSA Families With 1 or 2 Children 

Under Age 7» Grouped According to Net Farm Income.* 

Families Having Net Farm Income 

All Under $250 $500 $750 

Families $250 499 749 999 

$1000 

1499 

Farm Foods Used 







\Milk - (gal.) 

245 

223 

236 

245 

263 

272 

Eggs - (doz.) 

96 

81 

92 

95 

94 

118 

Hogs (lbs. live weight) 

452 

385 

4n 

450 

489 

562 

Cattle (lbs. live weight) 

81 

70 

48 

90 

108 

110 

Meat canned (qts.) 

• 3 

0 

.2 

1 

0 

0 

Potatoes (bu.) 

13 

11 

13 

13 

l4 

16 

Vegetables ~ fresh (bu.) 

7 

8 

8 

6 

6 

5 

stored (bu.) 

3 

5 

2 

2.5 

4 

3 

canned (qts.) 

135 

126 

124 

143 

138 

171 

Fruit - fresh (bu.) 

1.4 

3 

1 

2 

1 

.5 

stored (bu.) 

.7 

• 6 

.2 

2 

1 

.6 

canned (qts) 

67 

70 

94 

29 

82 

69 

Total farm food - sale value** 

$110 

$ 97 

$102 

$112 

$119 

$126 

purchase value** 

$185 

$165 

$175 

$187 

$197 

$210 

Fuel used - sale value 

$ 17 

$ 15 

$ 18 

$ 15 

$ 15 

$ 12 

purchase value 

$ 26 

$ 24 

$ 31 

$ 25 

$ 24 

$ 20 

Total farm goods used - sale value 

$115 

$112 

$120 

$127 

$13 4 

$138 

purchase value 

$211 

$139 

$206 

$212 

$221 

$230 

Cash living expenditures 

$293 

$228 

$253 

$300 

$329 

$390 

Total value of living* 

$504 

$4i7 

P 39 

$512 

$550 

$620 

$3 total living represented by food 


59 

6l 

57 

56 

56 

$ Living home produced 

42 

45 

47 

41 

4o 

37 

i> food home produced 

64 

68 

66 

64 

64 

60 

Milk used per person (qts) 

288 

260 

286 

297 

309 

320 

Eggs used per person 

399 

283 

335 

345 

332 

4i6 

Beef & pork per person (lbs. live wt) 

157 

134 

137 

166 

176 

196 

Fruits & vegetables canned per person (qts.) 

59 

58 

66 

52 

65 

7i 

Total food per person (farm & purchase) 

$ 85 

$ 72 

$ 81 

$ 89 

$ 91 

$103 

No. of families 

257 

30 

73 

67 

49 

20 

Average size family 

3.4 

3.4 

3-3 

30 

3.4 

3.4 


* See Appendix B for definition 

** See Appendix A 


















Table V - Cash Expenditures for Living by Iowa ESA Families, Grouped According 
To Number and Age of the Children 


Families having 



No 

:l or 2 < 

children,the oldest, 

:3 or 4 children,the oldest,; 

5 or more,the oldest 


children:Under 7 

7-16 

Over lo 

: Under 7 

7-16 

Over 16 : 

7-16 

Over l 6 

Cash living expenditures 

$ 297 

$293 

$ 325 

$ 335 

$ 325 

$ 346 

$ 387 

$ 378 

$ 422 

Farm goods (sale value)* 

$ 115 

$127 

$ l46 

$ 153 

$ l64 

$ 177 

$ 184 

$ 211 

$ 239 

Total income used for living 

$ 412 

$520 

$ 471 

$ 488 

^ 489 

F 523 

$ 571 

$ 589 

$ OOl 

Cash expenditures 










Food 

$ 99 

$105 

$ 118 

$ 128 

$ 120 

$ 133 

$ 139 

$ 180 

$ 170 

Clothing 

39 

44 

53 

51 

52 

64 

75 

72 

88 

Personal 

19 

17 

16 

18 

16 

18 

18 

17 

15 

Medical 

20 

26 

20 

19 

29 

23 

28 

24 

18 

Household operation 

37 

35 

4o 

47 

39 

33 

32 

39 

39 

House & yard 

2 

2 

3 

4 

9 

7 

3 

3 

5 

Furniture & equipment 

4o 

32 

26 

24 

27 

31 

35 

27 

32 

Education, Recreation, Giving 

25 

20 

29 

33 

24 

34 

3S 

35 

37 

Life insurance 

16 

12 

20 

ll 

9 

7 

13 

ll 

18 

Household inventory - closing*** 

$ 427 

$379 

5 425 

5 425 

S? 458 

$ 407 

$ 477 

$ 376 

$ 47 s 

change 

$ 4l 

0 4i 

$ 31 

$ 26 

$ 37 

$ 39 

$ 35 

$ 31 

$ 42 

Income - net farm income** 

$ 773 

$617 

$ 698 

$ 804 

$ 648 

$ 687 

$ 83 s 

$ 765 

$ 937 

net cash income 

$ i46 

$ 40 

$ 124 

$ 242 

$ 98 

$ l64 

$ 179 

$ 204 

$ 204 

Total cash sales 

$1039 

$950 

$1064 

$10bl 

$1038 

0 97s 

$1192 

$1089 

$1184 

$ Net farm income used for living 

53 

69 

68 

6l 

76 

76 

69 

77 

71 

$ Total cash sales spent for living 

29 

31 

31 

32 

31 

35 

33 

? 5 

? 6 

$ Total cash expenditures for food 

33 

36 

36 

3S 

37 

3S 

36 

40 

40 

No. of families 

207 

257 

145 

70 

34 

l46 

52 

54 

32 

Average size family 

2 

3.4 

3.6 

3.6 

5 

5.4 

5.4 

8 

8.3 


♦See Appendix A for prices used 
**See 4pp en( il x ® for definition 

♦♦♦Household inventory figures -probably are high because families’ 

- 12 - 


own valuations were used. 

















' 


























































Pago 13 


Table VI - Farm Goods Used by Iowa PSA Families in 1939 

Grouped According to Number and Ago of Children. 


Families having 



No :l or 2 children,the 

Children:Under 7 7-16 

oldest. 
Over lo 

53 or 4 children,the oldest,:5 
: Under 7 7-1& Over l 6 : 

or more, the 

7-16 

oldest 
Over lS 

Farm Goods Used 

Milk (gal) 

173 

24s 

265 

233 

346 

371 

369 

487 

499 

Eggs (doz.) 

90 

95 

120 

120 

124 

131 

132 

17l 

193 

Hogs - (lbs. live wt.) 

315 

452 

469 

499 

548 

572 

580 

667 

734 

Cattle (lbs. live wt.) 

73 

81 

74 

143 

126 

144 

206 

152 

148 

Meat canned (qts.) 

.7 

•3 

1.06 

.1 

0 

• 7 

2.1 

0 

0 

Potatoes (bu.) 

13 

13 

16 

20 

17 

18 

23 

33 

30 

Vegetables - fresh (bu.) 

8 

7 

11 

9 

17 

12 

12 

14 

17 

stored (bu.) 

3 

7 

3 

3 

5 

3 

5 

8 

2 

canned (qts.) 

117 

135 

155 

150 

211 

188 

!93 

218 

238 

Fruit - fresh (bu.) 

1.9 

1.4 

1.6 

2.7 

2 

1.8 

4.2 

3.9 

1.9 

stored (bu.) 

.5 

.7 

.7 

.6 

.9 

.6 

1.3 

1.6 

.6 

canned (qts.) 

27 

67 

110 

107 

93 

113 

l4g 

144 

157 

Total farm foods - sale value* 

$101 

$110 

$131 

$137 

$150 

$160 

$169 

$196 

$218 

-purchase value* 

$165 

$185 

$217 

$218 

$252 

$266 

$291 

$332 

$350 

Farm fuel - sale value 

$ 14 

$ 17 

$ 15 

$ 16 

$ 14 

$ 17 

$ 15 

$ 15 

$ 21 

- purchase value 

$ 24 

$ 26 

0 25 

$ 27 

$ 23 

$ 29 

$ 25 

$ 25 

$ 35 

Cash expenditure for living 

$297 

$297 

$325 

$335 

$325 

$600 

$346 

$387 

$37S 

$422 

Total value of living** 

5486 

$504 

$567 

$580 

$64i 

$703 

$735 

$807 

/b Living represented by food 

54 

58 

59 

60 

62 

62 

61 

66 

64 

io Living - home produced 

4o 

42 

43 

42 

46 

46 

45 

49 

48 

/o Food - home produced 

63 

64 

65 

£>3 

68 

67 

68 

69 

67 

Milk used per person (qts.) 

346 

288 

295 

259 

277 

275 

273 

242 

240 

Eggs used per person 

54o 

339 

400 

4oo 

298 

291 

293 

256 

279 

Fork & beef per person (lbs.live 

wt.) 194 

157 

150 

178 

135 

133 

146 

102 

106 

Eruits & vegetables canned per 

person (qts.) 

102 

59 

74 

71 

6l 

56 

63 

45 

48 

Total farm & purchased food per 

person 

$132 

$ 85 

$ 93 

$ 96 

$ 7 1 * 

$ 74 

0 80 

$ 60 

$ 63 

No. of families 

207 

257 

145 

70 

34 

146 

52 

54 

3S 

Average size family 

2 

3.4 

3.6 

3.6 

5 

5-4 

5.4 

8 

8.3 


*Appendix A **Appendix B 






' 



































































’ 
















Table VII - Cash Expenditures for Living by Iowa FSA Families With Incomes $500-7^9* 
Grouped by Number and Age of the Children. 


__ Families with incomes $500-749 having _ 

No :1 or 2 children,the oldest:3 or 4 children,the oldest,:5 or more, the oldest, 

children:Under 7 7-1& Over l 6 : Under 7 7~lo Over l 6 : Under l 6 Over l 6 


Cash living expenditure 

$275 

$300 

$ 300 

$280 

$345 

$331 

$312 

$304 

$295 

Farm goods used (sale value)* 

$100 

$112 

$ 133 

$124 

$176 

$l64 

$163 

$193 

$206 

Total income used 

$375 

$4l2 

r533 

$4o4" 

$481 

$495 

$575 


$501 

Cash expenditures 










Food 

$ 92 

$106 

$ 120 

$111 

$122 

5134 

$133 

$l4o 

$129 

Clothing 

4o 

44 

52 

38 

53 

63 

57 

64 

69 

Personal 

18 

18 

l4 

13 

20 

15 

19 

l4 

16 

Medical 

20 

28 

15 

21 

26 

19 

15 

17 

4 

Household operation 

37 

37 

39 

34 

38 

31 

30 

29 

25 

House & yard 

2 

2 

5 

5 

1 

2 

1 

l 

0 

Furniture, etc. 

30 

33 

16 

9 

37 

31 

30 

l4 

8 

Education, Recreation, Giving 

24 

20 

28 

37 

24 

31 

24 

21 

32 

Life insurance 

12 

12 

11 

12 

24 

5 

3 

4 

12 

Household inventory - change 

$ 4o 

$ 34 

$ 23 

0 13 

$ 48 

$ 45 

$ 30 

$ 13 

$ 46 

at end of year** 

$368 

$407 

$ 499 

$323 

$424 

$366 

$460 

$324 

$293 

Income - net farm income*** 

$610 

$612 

$ 627 

$580 

$653 

$632 

$610 

$616 

$595 

net cash income*** 

$171 

$ 76 

$ 175 

$242 

$ 3 ^ 

$143 

$ -7 

$195 

$ 94 

Total cash sales*** 

$933 

$874 

$1009 

$966 

$954 

$845 

$934 

$828 

$829 

$ Net farm income used for living 

62 

67 

69 

70 

74 

78 

78 

81 

84 

$ Total cash sales spent for living 

4d 

34 

3° 

29 

36 

39 

33 

37 

36 

$ Total cash expenditures for food 

3*+ 

35 

40 

4o 

35 

41 

43 

46 

44 

Average size family 

2 

3.3 

3.6 

3.8 

5 

5.6 

5«* 

7.4 

7.7 

No. of families 

55 

67 

42 

13 

11 

38 

12 

15 

7 

*See Appendix A for prices used 










**Valuation probably is high because 

families 

1 own figures were 

used. 







♦'•'♦See Appendix B for definition 


-l4- 
























\ 













Page 15 


Table VIII - Farm Goods Used by Iowa PSA Families With Incomes $500-749 
Grouped According to Age and Humber of Children. 


__ Families with Income s $500-749 havi ng_ 

Ho :1 or 2 children, the oldest,: 3 or 4 children, the oldest,: 5 or more, the o3.dest 

children:Under 7 7 -l6 Over l6 : Under 7 7-l6 Over lo : Under l6 _ Over lo 

Farm goods used for living 


Milk (gal.) 

181 

245 

270 

217 

372 

391 

278 

499 

508 

Eggs (doz.) 

86 

95 

115 

109 

107 

126 

147 

171 

176 

Pork - (lbs. live wt.) 

368 

450 

483 

425 

488 

536 

544 

66l 

705 

Beef - (lbs. live wt.) 

92 

90 

100 

62 

89 

162 

179 

53 

64 

Potatoes (bu.) 

12 

13 

16 

19 

15 

21 

19 

50 

21 

Vegetables - fresh (bu.) 

7 

6 

12 

8 

9 

12 

6 

12 

16 

stored (bu.) 

3 

2.5 

2 

3 

5 

3 

4 

7 

1 

canned (qts.) 

108 

i4 3 

166 

157 

212 

198 

184 

248 

197 

Fruit - fresh (bu.) 

1 

O 

L. 

2 

3 

2 

2 

•5 

6 

• 

stored (bu.) 

.6 

2 

.7 

2 

. 6 

.7 

2 

3 

1 

canned (qts.) 

81 

29 

119 

96 

124 

122 

17 U 

91 

136 

Total farm food - sale value* 

$100 

$112 

$133 

$124 

$136 

$l64 

$163 

$193 

$206 

purchase value* 

$iS4 

$187 

$222 

$204 

$242 

$276 

$273 

8337 

$208 

Total farm fuel - sale value 

$ 16 

$ 15 

$ 16 

$ 20 

$ 12 

$ 20 

$ 11 

$ 14 

$ 18 

purchase value 

$ 27 

$ 25 

$ 27 

$ 35 

$ 19 

$ 33 

$ 18 

$ 23 

$ 31 

Cash living expenditures 

$275 

$300 

$300 

$280 

03^5 

$331 

$312 

$304 

£•295 

Farm food & fuel, purchase value 

$191 

0212 

$249 

$239 

$2ol 

$309 

$291 

$360 

£ 339 . 

Total value of living** 


$512 


$519 

$606 

$o4o 

$603 

$664 

£634 

io Living represented by food 

55 

57 

62 

6l 

60 

64 

67 

72 

69 

fo Living home produced 

4i 

41 

45 

46 

*3 

48 

48 

54 

54 

$ Food home produced 

64 

64 

65 

65 

67 

67 

67 

71 

71 

Milk used per person (qts.) 

362 

297 

-300 

228 

298 

279 

206 

270 

264 

Eggs used per person 

516 

345 

383 

344 

258 

270 

327 

277 

274 

Beef & pork used per person (lbs. 










live weight) 

230 

167 

134 

128 

115 

123 

134 

96 

96 

Fruits & vegetables canned per 










person (qts.) 

95 

52 

79 

67 

67 

57 

66 

46 

43 

Total food per person - (purchased 








• 


and farm) 

$128 

$ 89 

$ 95 

r-o 

GO 

$ 73 

$ 73 

v- ~i'j 

$ 65 

? 57 

Average size family 

2 

3.3 

.3-6 

3.8 

5 

5.6 

5.4 

7.4 

7. 

No. of families 

55 

67 

42 

13 

ll 

38 

12 

15 

7 


^Appendix A **Appendix B 




















; y-: - -■ ' • 


* ■. 

• 




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. 


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. 






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. 


































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Page 16 


Table IX - Farm Goods Used by Iowa PSA Families Grouped According 
to Type of Farming Areas 


Farm Goods Used 
Milk (gal.) 

Eggs (doz.) 

Vegetables - stored (bu.) 

canned (qts.) 

Fruits - stored (bu.) 

canned (qts.) 

Pork (lbs. live wt.) 

Beef (lbs. 1 ive wt.) 

Total food - sale value 

purchase value 
Fuel - sale value 

purchase value 

Total farm food & fuel - sale value* 

purchase value* 
Cash expenditures for food 
Total cash expenditures 
Total value of living** 

Total income used for living** 

Household inventory - closing*** 

change 

$ Net farm income used for living 
$ Total living home produced 
$ Total food home produced 

Total living represented by food 
Beef & pork per person (lbs. live wt.) 

Milk used per person (qts.) 

Eggs used per person 

Fruit & vegetables canned per person (qts.) 
Farm and purchased food per person 
Auto expense 
Net farm income 

No. of families 
Average size family 

* Appendix A ** Appendix B 


All 

Area I 

Area II 

Area III 

Area IV 

Area V 

Areas 

N.E. 

E.C. 

N. C. 

Western 

Southern 


Dairy 

Meat 

Grain 

Meat 

Pasture 

283 

308 

287 

276 

270 

283 

115 

119 

ll4 

112 

115 

117 

3*5 

6 

3 

3 

4 

3 

157 

167 

167 

160 

128 

159 

.8 

.7 

.9 

• 3 

.4 

1.1 

100 

95 

123 

94 

90 

104 

480 

466 

500 

505 

539 

46i 

106 

127 

82 

116 

106 

100 

$133 

$134 

$135 

$127 

$137 

$135 

$221 

$222 

$226 

$212 

$218 

$222 

$ 16 

$ 18 

$ 15 

$ 16 

$ l4 

$ 16 

$ 26 

$ 30 

$ 25 

$ 26 

$ 24 

$ 26 

$149 

$152 

$150 

$143 

$151 

$151 

$247 

$252 

$251 

$238 

$242 

$248 

$119 

$135 

$120 

$137 

$127 

$100 

$326 

$340 

$338 

$402 

$338 

$271 

$573 

$592 

$529 

$64o 

$580 

$519 

$475 

$492 

$488 

$545 

$489 

$422 

$413 

$455 

$401 

$475 

$375 

$347 

$ 36 

$ 4i 

$ 32 

$ 55 

$ 22 

$ 28 

66 

63 

71 

57 

68 

73 

43 

43 

43 

37 

42 

48 

65 

62 

65 

61 

63 

69 

60 

60 

59 

55 

60 

62 

146 

132 

145 

159 

169 

l44 

283 

274 

287 

283 

284 

293 

345 

317 

342 

345 

363 

360 

64 

58 

73 

65 

57 

67 

$ 85 

$ 79 

$ 87 

$ 90 

$ Ql 

$ 83 

$ 66 

$ 84 

$ 84 

$ 91 

$ 73 

$ 67 

$717 

$786 

$683 

$954 

$730 

$576 

1045 

103 

218 

158 

219 

3^7 

4 

^5 

4 

3.9 

3.8 

3.9 

***Valuation probably 

is high 

since families* 

own figures were 

used. 




* 5 ' 

■ 

■ 

■ 

■ 

■ 

■ 

- 

. • • 

■ 

■ 

- 

. 


2 . '• 

’ 






■ - • 



; • ■_ 


' 



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■ 

V 



















' 






• 











' 






1 * 











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' 






















' 






























■ 




















' 





























' 







' 






' ■ 



































■ 















Page 17 


Table X - Farm Goods Used by FSA Families on 140-199 Acre Farms in 
the Type-of-Farming Areas of Iowa 

Area* 


Farm Goods Used 

Milk -(gal.) 

All 

lSO-acre 
f arms 

No rth 

East 

Dairy 

East 

Central 

Meat 

North 

Central 
Grain 

Western 

Meat 

Southern 

Pasture 

276 

300 

296 

273 

246 

286 

Eggs - (doz.) 

120 

136 

122 

116 

113 

121 

Vegetables - stored (bn.) 

3 

8 

2 

2 

3- 1 * 

3 

canned (qts.) 

154 

169 

176 

150 

122 

169 

Fruits - stored (bu.) 

.5 

1 

•5 

.4 

.1 

.7 

canned (qts.) 

101 

89 

128 

91 

^3 

113 

Pork - (lbs. live wt.) 

519 

^73 

555 

454 

569 

494 

Beef - (lbs. live wt.) 

94 

161 

76 

81 

68 

ll4 

Total food - sale value 

$135 

$i4i 

$l4o 

$122 

$134 

$136 

purchase value 

$220 

$225 

$234 

$204 

$209 

$228 

Fuel - sale value** 

$ 16 

$ 19 

$ 16 

$ 13 

$ i4 

$ 16 

purchase value** 

$ 26 

$ 33 

$ 27 

.9 22 

$ 24 

$ 27 

Total farm food & fuel - sale value 

$151 

$160 

$156 

$135 

$l4g 

$152 

purchase value 

$246 

$258 

$261 

$226 

$233 

$255 

Cash expenditures for food 

$123 

$l4g 

$124 

$134 

$128 

$100 

Total cash expenditure for living 

$336 

$4g7 

$362 

$34o 

$392 

$3^5 

$282 

Total income used*** 

$522 

$496 

$527 

$493 

$434 

Total value of living*** 

$572 

$620 

$601 

$618 

$578 

$537 

Household inventory - closing**** 

$408 

$547 

$391 

$517 

$381 

$3% 

$ 28 

change 

$ 31 

$ 38 

$ 30 

$ 53 

$ 23 

Auto expense 


$ 90 

$ 79 

$ 90 

9 75 

$ 72 

Net farm income*** 

$760 

$856 

$784 

$940 

$789 

$570 

io Net farm income used for living 

64 

61 

63 

56 

63 

76 

$ Total living home produced 

42 

42 

^3 

37 

4o 

48 

$ Total food home produced 

64 

60 

65 

60 

62 

70 

$ Total living represented by food 

59 

60 

60 

55 

58 

6l 

Fork & beef per person (lbs. live wt.) 

158 

l44 

150 

157 

164 

l64 

Milk used per person (qts.) 

283 

273 

282 

32i 

2^2 

309 

Eggs used per person 

369 

371 

349 

4 o 9 

349 

392 

Fruit & vegetables canned per person (qts 

.) 65 

59 

72 

7i 

53 

76 

Purchased and farm food per person 

$ 88 

$ 85 

$ 85 

$ 99 

$ 86 

$ 89 

Average size family 

3-9 

4.4 

4.2 

3.4 

3.9 

3.7 

Total number families 

323 

3^ 

63 

49 

91 

8b 

* See map, cover page **Sce Appendix A 

***Seo Appendix 

B * 7 * * * * 

Valuation 

probably is high 

because tho 

families* own 




ixgures were used. 






. 


' 










■ 






‘ 








*• • ' • * 
















■ 





































. 

* 




. 

vi 




























Table XI - Farm Goods Used by Iowa FSA Familiei 
According to Sice of Farm 


Grouped 
Ac res 


Pago IS 


Farm Goods Used 
Milk (gal.) 

Eggs (doz.) 

Vegetables - stored (bu.) 

canned (qts.) 

Fruit - stored (bu.) 

canned (qts.) 

Pork - (lbs, live wt.) 

Beef - (lbs. live wt.) 

Total food - sale value 

purchase value 
Fuel - sale value* 

purchase value* 

Total farm goods used - sale value 

purchase value 

Cash expenditures for food 
Total cash expenditures for living 
Total value of living** 

Total income used for living** 

Household inventory - closing*** 

change 

Net farm income** 

net farm income used for living 
$ Total living home produced 
$ Total food home produced 
Milk used per person (qts.) 

Eggs used per person 

Pork & beef per oerson (lbs. live wt.) 
Fruit & vegetables canned per person (qts.) 
Purchased and farm food per person 
$ Total living represented by food 

No. of families 

Average size families 

/o families without children 

io families with oldest child under 7 

$ families with oldest child under 7-1& 

$ families with oldest child over l6 


All 

Farms 


283 

115 

3.5 

157 

.8 

100 

480 

106 

|!33 

$221 

$ 16 
$ 26 
$149 
$247 

$119 

$326 

m 

$413 

$ 36 

^3 

65 

2 S 3 
3^5 
l4b 
64 
$ 85 
60 

1045 


? 

4.0 


21 

2 

16 


Under 

60 


285 

86 

3 

137 

1 

82 
409 
69 
$122 
$200 
$ 11 
$ is 

$133 

$218 

$116 

$282 

$500 
*415 
$314 
$ -8 


$394 

105 

44 

^3 

339 

304 

i4i 

64 


$ 


93 

63 

16 

z3 

13 


To 

99 


100 

159 


140 

199 


200 

259 


.4 


270 

102 

3 

148 

1 

109 

415 

7S 

$120 

$202 

$ 13 

$ 22 

5 13 r 

$224 

$105 

$286 

|5io 

$4iq 

?3:> 2 
$ 29 

$509 
‘82 
44 
66 
292 
331 
133 
„ 70 
$ S 3 
60 

24i 


3-7 

24 

3° 

3° 

10 


43 

65 

280 


$ 


62 

84 

58 

291 

2 ( 
30 
35 
15 


>.9 


42 

64 

283 

3o9 

!57 

$ 88 

59 

323 

3-9 

22 

28 

35 

15 


43 

65 

283 
371 
loO 
4i 
> 88 
59 
130 

4.5 

l4 

26 

32 

28 


Over 

260 


273 

276 

318 

349 

109 

120 

139 

i4i 

2 

3 

5 

3 

145 

154 

18b 

190 

1 

.5 

1 


99 

101 

98 

127 

469 

519 

584 

637 

108 

94 

143 

168 

$129 

$135 

$220 

$160 

$ 169 

$212 

$257 

$ 280 

$ 15 

$ 16 

$ 19 

$ 17 

$ 25 

$ 26 

$ 31 

$ 29 

$144 

$151 

$179 

$ 186 

$237 

$246 

$288 

$ 309 

$ll4 

s $123 

$137 

$ 143 

$309 

0336 

$381 

$' 426 

$546 

ss? 

$669 

$ 735 

$453 

$566 

5 612 

$380 

$408 

$453 

0 474 

$ 3^ 

$ 31 

$ 45 

3 36 

$653 

$7§p 

64 

$923 

ol 

0i2|5O 


•5 


42 

66 

$3 

% 

92 

58 

44 

4.6 

l4 

24 

37 

25 


*See Appendix A **See Appendix B ***Valuations probably arc high since the families* own figures were used. 









































Page 19 


Table XII - Farm Goods Used by PSA Families on North Hast 
Dairy Area* 



Area 

60 

Acres in 
100 

farm 

140 

200 


Ave rage 

99 

139 

199 

259 

Farm Foods Used 

Milk - (gal.) 

308 

298 

324 

300 

286 

Eggs - (doz.) 

119 

95 

134 

136 

89 

Vegetables - stored (bu.) 

6 

2.6 

4 

8 

12 

canned (qts.) 

167 

172 

157 

169 

169 

Fruits - stored (bu.) 

.7 

•13 

.7 

1 

1 

canned (qts.) 

95 

92 

100 

89 

96 

Hogs - lbs. 

466 

397 

510 

^73 

356 

Cattle - lbs. 

127 

56 

123 

l6l 

35 

Total farm food - sale value** 

$134 

$102 

$148 

$l 4 i 

$113 

purchase value** 

$222 

$188 

$237 

$225 

$202 

Fuel - sale value 

$ 18 

$ 15 

$ 18 

$ 19 

$ 23 

purchase value 

$ TO 

$ 24 

$ 30 

$ 33 

$ 32 

Average cash expenditures 

For food 

$135 

$121 

$130 

$148 

$117 

Total living 

$340 

$323 

$33^ 

$362 

$289 

Household inventory 

Closing*** 

$^53 

$395 

$452 

$ 5**7 

$435 

Change 

$ 4 i 

$ 30 

5 55 

$ 38 

$ 59 

Net farm income**** 

$786 

$546 

$813 

$856 

$985 

Auto expense**** 

$ 84 

$ 83 

$ 86 

$ 90 

$ 70 

No, of families 

103 


30 

3 ^ , 

10 

Average size family 

4.5 

4.0 

5.6 

4.4 

4 


*See map, cover page **** 5 ee Appendix B 

**See Appendix A 

***Probably valuation is high; families ovm figures 

were used 
















































Table XIII - Farm Goods Used "by FSA Families in 
East Central Meat Area* 



Area 

60 - 

Acres in 

100- 

farm 

l4o- 

200- 


Average 

ja 

139 

199 

259 

Farm Goods Used 

Milk (gal.) 

287 

244 

289 

311 

351 

Eggs (doz.) 

ll4 

98 

108 

122 

144 

Vegetables - stored (bu.) 

3 

1.9 

4 

2 

1.5 

canned (qts.) 

167 

l46 

163 

175 

229 

Fruits - stored (bu.) 

.9 

l 

1 

• 7 

1.5 

canned (qts.) 

123 

142 

103 

136 

110 

Hogs - lbs. 

500 

63 

457 

591 

63 s 

Cattle - lbs. 

32 

102 

76 

i4i 

Total farm food - sale value** 

$135 

$120 

$129 

$145 

$177 

purchase value** 

$226 

$204 

$217 

$242 

$283 

Farm fuel - sale value 

$ 13 

$ 12 

$ 15 

$ 18 

$ 18 

purchase value 

$ 25 

$ 21 

$ 25 

$ 30 

$ 30 

Cash expenditures 

For food 

$120 

$109 

$118 

$127 

$150 

Total living 

$336 

$303 

$ 33 ^ 

$343 

$476 

Household inventory*** 

Closing 

$4oi 

8360 

5434 

$397 

$508 

Change 

$ 32 

$ 26 

$37 

$ 25 

$ 71 

Net farm income**** 

$ 683 

$460 

$666 

$784 

$1073 

Auto expense**** 

$ 84 

$ 76 

$ 74 

$ 79 

$132 

No. of families 

218 

58 

69 

5 r 

15 

4.6 

Average size family 

4.0 

3.8 

3-9 

4.2 


*See map, cover page 
**See Appendix A 


***Valuations probably are high 
****Sce Appendix B 

-20- 












Table XIV - Farm Goods Used by FSA Families in 
North Central Grain Area* 


Acres in Farm 



Area 

Average 

60- 

99 

100- 
139 

140 - 

199 

200- 

259 

Over 

260 

Farm Goods Used 

Milk (gal.) 

276 

256 

246 

273 

319 

360 

Eggs (doz.) 

112 

89 

93 

ll6 

151 

139 

Vegetables - stored (bu.) 

3 

3 

3 

2 

3 

4 

canned (qts.) 

160 

153 

138 

150 

213 

178 

Fruits - stored (bu.) 

.3 

•3 

•3 

.4 

.2 

• 3 

canned (qts.) 

94 

97 

91 

91 

90 

115 

Pork - (lbs. live wt.) 

505 

430 

439 

454 

692 

737 

Beef - (lbs. live wt.) 

116 

166 

102 

81 

188 

181 

Total farm food - sale value** 

$127 

$113 

$111 

$122 

$167 

$151 

purchase value** 

$212 

$193 

$187 

$204 

$266 

$268 

Farm fuel - sale value 

$ lb 

$ 15 

$ 15 

$ 13 

$ 21 

$ 20 

purchase value 

$ 26 

$ 25 

$ 25 

$ 22 

$ 35 

$ 33 

Cash expenditures 

For food 

$177 

$119 

$130 

$134 

$166 

$162 

Total living 

$402 

$326 

$395 

$392 

$470 

$547 

Household inventory*** 

Closing 

$475 

$345 

$422 

$517 

$623 

$512 

Change 

$ 55 

$ 3^ 

$ 53 

$ 53 

$ 86 

$ 73 

Net farm income**** 

$954 

$537 

$818 

$ 9^0 

$1354 

$1784 

Auto expense**** 

$ 91 

$ 83 

$ 89 

$ 90 

$ 92 

$122 

No. of families 

158 

34 

36 

49 

26 

12 

Average size family 

3.9 

3.8 

3.6 

3-4 

4.9 

4.6 


*See map, cover page 

**See Appendix A 

***Probably valuations are high 

****See Appendix B - 21 - 







* 

















* 



*r' 


-* 














Table XV - Farm Goods Used by- 
Wes tern Meat Area* 


Area 

Average 

F arm Goods Used 

Milk (gal.) 270 

Eggs (doz.) 115 

Vegetables - stored (bn.) 4 

canned (qts.) 128 

Fruits - stored (bu.) .4 

canne d (qts.) 90 

Hogs (lbs. live wt.) 539 

Cattle (lbs. live wt.) 106 

Total farm food - sale value** $137 

purchase value** $218 

Farm fuel - sale value $ l4 

purchase value $ 24 

Cash food expenditure $127 

Total cash expenditure for living $33& 

Household inventory - closing*** $375 

change**** $ 22 

Auto expense**** $ 73 

Net farm income**** $730 

No. of families 219 

Size of family ]>.% 


*See map, cover page 

**See Appendix A 

***Valuations probably are high 

** * * See Appendix B 

- 22 - 


FSA Families in 



Acres in 

farm 



So- 

100- 

140- 

200- 

Over 

99 

139 

199 

239 

2b0 

291 

243 

246 

323 

372 

100 

107 

113 

152 

119 

1.9 

1.7 

3. 1 * 

10.5 

1 

145 

108 

122 

136 

209 

.4 

.4 

.1 

1 5 

— 

95 

99 

S3 

72 

179 

435 

518 

5o9 

631 

516 

88 

122 

68 

169 

150 

$123 

$132 

$184 

$161 

$ lob 

$209 

$208 

$203 

$250 

$ 280 

$ 11 

$ l4 

$ l4 

$ 18 

$ 11 

$ 19 

$ 23 

$ 24 

$ 31 

$ 18 

$106 

$128 

$128 

$l4i 

$ 193 

$288 

$324 

$3 k 5 

$373 

$ 422 

$374 

$325 

$331 

$388 

$ 374 

$ 28 

$ 17 

$ 23 

$ 25 

$ 2 

$ 63 

$ 72 

$ 75 

$*72 

$ 105 

$552 

$596 

$789 

$861 

$1166 

4o 

46 

91 

33 

8 

3.5 

3.7 

3.9 

4.4 

4, 











■ 

■ ■ - 

. 

.. . 

; 

■ 

• . 

- • 


' 

■ 









• . 












. 


. 


l 








• 












■ 






. 



















. 













• 










• 





- 









' 

. 


















Table XVI - Farm Goods Used by FSA Families in 
Southern Pasture Area* 


Pago 23 


Acres in Farm 



Area 

Average 

60 - 

99 

100- 

139 

i4o- 

199 

200- 

259 

Over 

260 

Farm Goods Used 

Milk (gal.) 

283 

275 

272 

286 

312 

329 

Eggs (doz.) 

X17 

112 

109 

121 

133 

149 

Vegetables - stored (bu.) 

3 

3-9 

2 

3 

2 

2 

canned (ots.) 

139 

142 

149 

169 

196 

190 

Fruits - stored (bu.) 

1.1 

2 

1 

.7 

2 


canned (qts.) 

104 

102 

92 

113 

118 

93 

Pork - (lbs. live wt.) 

46i 

382 

4^4 

494 

522 

588 

Beef - (lbs. live wt.) 

100 

77 

103 

114 

124 

io4 

Total farm food - sale value** 


$125 

$129 

$136 

0159 

$ 169 

purchase value** 

$222 

$205 

$212 

$228 

$261 

$ 268 

Farm fuel - sale value 

$ 16 

$ l4 

$ 15 

$ l 6 

$ 17 

$ 18 

purchase value 

$ 26 

$ 24 

$ 25 

$ 27 

$ 29 

$ 31 

Total farm food and fuel - sale value 

$151 

$139 

$144 

$152 

$176 

$ 187 

purchase value 

$248 

$229 

$237 

$255 

$290 

$ 299 

Cash expenditures 

For food 

$100 

0 91 

$ 97 

$100 

$117 

$ 129 

Total living 

$271 

$2^7 

$251 

$282 

$3 2 ^ 

5 363 

Household inventory*** 

Closing 

$3**7 

$331 

0327 

$3^5 

$389 

$ 527 

Change 

$ 28 

$ 30 

$ 28 

$ 28 

$ 29 

$ 13 

Auto expense**** 

$ 67 

$ 61 

$ 55 

$ 72 

$ 87 

$ 103 

Net farm income**** 

$576 

$498 

$572 

$570 

$661 

$1000 

No. families 

3^7 

86 

110 

86 

46 

1 ? 

Average size family 

3.9 

3.5 

3.9 

3-7 

4.5 

4 


*See map, cover page ****g ee Appendix B 

**See Appendix A 

***Valuations probably are high; families’ ov/n figures were used. 












Table XVII - Familie 
of Cash 



All 

Under 


Families 

$ 2^0 

Percent of families spending for 

FOOD: under 90$ of plan 

21 

4i 

90 - 110$ of plan 

25 

21 

over 110$ of plan 

54 

32 

CLOTHING-: under 90$ of plan 

65 

82 

90 - 110$ of plan 

17 

7 

over 110$ of plan 

IS 

11 

MEDICAL: under 90$ of plan 

74 

77 

90 - 110$ of plan 

5 

5 

over 110$ of plan 

21 

18 

FUENITUBE:ETC: under 90$ of plan 

49 

64 

90 - 110 $ of plan 

9 

2 

over 110$ of plan 

42 

34 

EDUCATION-RECREATION-GIVING- 

under 90 $ of plan 

60 

75 

90 - 110$ of elan 

12 

q 

over 110$ of plan 

28 

16 

TOTAL CASH LIVING 

under 90 $ of plan 

43 

59 

90 - 110 $ of plan 

26 

29 

over 110$ of plan 

31 

12 

No, families submitting plans & records 

705 

77 


Using Planned. Amounts 
for Living 


Families With Net Farm Incomes 


$250 

U 99 

$900 

749 

$750 

999 

$1000 

1249 

$1250 

1499 

$1500 

1749 

Over 

$1750 

25 

11 

17 

16 

17 

7 

8 

26 

36 

27 

16 

19 

20 

8 

49 

53 

56 

68 

64 

73 

84 

73 

74 

64 

62 

32 

47 

42 

14 

15 

15 

16 

3^ 

13 

16 

13 

11 

21 

22 

28 

4o 

42 

76 

73 

74 

75 

57 

SO 

50 

6 

6 

3 

5 

8 

7 

8 

18 

21 

23 

20 

35 

13 

•42 

52 

52 

49 

33 

46 

27 

22 

10 

8 

10 

11 

11 

13 

0 

38 

40 

4i 

56 

43 

60 

78 

71 

56 

57 

^5 

48 

30 

50 

13 

12 

18 

13 

l4 

0 

0 

16 

32 

30 

42 

38 

70 

50 

53 

44 

4i 

28 

24 

18 

8 

28 

26 

27 

19 

l4 

33 

26 

19 

30 

32 

53 

62 

54 

66 

165 

186 

l44 

67 

37 

l4 

15 


24- 












■ 






. 


. 
















































Table XVIII - Families Using Planned Amounts of 

Cash for Living 


__ Families having _ 

No :1 or 2 children, eldest 13 or 4 children, eldest :5 or more, eldest 

C'nildreniUnder 7 7-~l£ Over l 6 :Under 7 If-lS Over l 6 :Under l 6 _Over l 6 

Percent of families spending for 


FOOD: less than 90$ of plan 

20 

22 

21 

18 

20 

18 

24 

25 

22 

90 - 110 # of planned amt. 

24 

23 

27 

27 

28 

27 

24 

ft 


over 100 # of planned amt. 

56 

55 

52 

55 

52 

55 

52 

44 

4g 

CLOTHING: under 90# of plan 

6 l 

63 

65 

76 

76 

63 

64 

81 

75 

90 - 110 # of plan 

15 

IS 

15 

9 

16 

21 

21 

16 

21 

over 100 # of plan 

24 

19 

20 

16 

8 

16 

15 

3 

4 

MEDICAL: under 90# of plan 

73 

68 

76 

80 

64 

76 

7 u 

81 

85 

90 - 110 # of plan 

10 

3 

5 

— 

9 

4 

- 

6 

5 

over 100 # of plan 

17 

29 

19 

20 

27 

20 

26 

13 

10 

FURNITURE:ETC: under 90# of plan 

42 

^7 

47 

53 

64 

59 

49 

53 

70 

90 - 110 # of plan 

8 

7 

13 

11 

18 

5 

10 

11 

5 

over 110 # of plan 

50 

46 

40 

37 

18 

36 

4i 

36 

25 

RECREATION-EDUCATION-GIVING: 

under 90 # of plan 

53 

63 

55 

58 

60 

65 

65 

65 

62 

90 - 110 # of plan 

12 

11 

11 

l4 

16 

13 

16 

6 

17 

over 110 # of plan 

35 

26 

34 

28 

24 

22 

19 

29 

21 

TOTAL CASH FOR LIVING:. 

Less than 90# of planned amt. 

37 

37 

4g 

51 

60 

48 

46 

56 

62 

90 - 110 # of planned amt. 

20 

31 

28 

20 

20 

29 

30 

25 

25 

over 110 # of planned amt. 

^3 

32 

29 

29 

20 

23 

24 

19 

12 

No. of families having both plans & records 

log 

192 

97 

45 

25 

95 

33 

32 

23 


- 25 - 
















Table 

XIX - Actual 
Used by 

end Planned Amount 
Iowa FSA Families 

s of Home 

in 1939 

Not F 

Produced Foods 

arm Incomes 



Page 


All 

Under 

$250 

$500 

$750 

$1000 

$1250 

$1500 

Over 


Families 

$250 

499 

749 

999 

1249 

1499 

1749 

1750 

Milk, (gal.) - actual 

2 S 3 

236 

263 

287 

307 

27 8 

307 

325 

354 

planned 

322 

299 

313 

339 

331 

330 

324 

369 

432 

io of plan used 

86 

79 

84 

85 

93 

84 

95 

88 

82 

Eggs, (doz,) - actual 

115 

9S 

104 

111 

120 

134 

136 

157 

154 

planned 

131 

H7 

122 

130 

137 

131 

85 

208 

197 

$ of plan used 

88 

84 

85 

85 

88 

102 

160 

75 

78 

Potatoes (bu.) - actual 

17 

l4 

16 

17 

18 

18 

19 

24 

23 

planned 

21 

17 

20 

21 

21 

20 

21 

27 

2 o 

of plan used 

S3 

82 

80 

S3 

86 

90 

90 

69 

88 

Vegetables, fresh (bu.) 

actual 

10 

10 

9 

9 

10 

10 

12 


21 

planned 

24 

23 

23 

23 

25 

23 

33 


24 

$ of plan used 

42 

^3 

39 

39 

4o 

43 

36 


88 

Vegetables, canned (qts.) 

actual 

157 

138 

147 

160 

162 

l 6 l 

171 

172 

216 

planned 

205 

210 

193 

216 

206 

207 

199 

186 

23 S 

fo of plan used 

77 

66 

76 

74 

79 

7S 

88 

92 

91 

Fruits, fresh (bu.) 

actual 

2 

O 

C- 

2 

2 

2 

2 

4 

2 

3 

planned 

8 

8 

2 

9 

9 

6 

7 

4 

7 

fo of plan used 

25 

25 

100 

22 

22 

33 

57 

50 

^3 

Fruits, canned (qts.) 

actual 

100 

92 

107 

S9 

108 

92 

114 

113 

96 

planned 

116 

97 

115 

113 

125 

123 

129 

ill 

139 

of plan used 

86 

95 

93 

79 

8 b 

75 

88 

102 

69 

No. families submitting record of 

actual 

1003 

101 

2bo 

260 

207 

95 

57 

22 

21 

No. families submitting plans 

705 

77 

165 

186 

l44 

67 

37 

l4 

15 







- 























_ 

. 

'' 









Table XX - Actual and Planned Amounts of 
Iowa PSA Families in 1939* 


No :l or 2 children, 

children:Under 7 7-l6 

Milk: gal. 


actual 

173 

245 

265 

planned 

213 

293 

305 

$ of planned amt. used 

81 

84 

87 

Eggs: doz. 




actual 

90 

96 

120 

planned 

92 

112 

131 

$ of planned amt. used 

98 

86 

92 

Potatoes: bu. 




ac tual 

13 

13 

l6 

planned 

15 

17 

20 

$ of planned amt. used 

87 

76 

80 

Canned vegetables:: qts. 




actual 

117 

135 

155 

planned 

135 

l6l 

227 

$ of planned amt. used 

87 

83 

68 

Canned fruit: qts. 




actual 

87 

67 

110 

planned 

88 

90 

123 

$ of planned amt. used 

99 

74 

89 

No. families submitting record of 




actual 

207 

257 

145 

No. families submitting plans 

16s 

192 

97 




-27- 


Homo Produced Poods Used By 


\ 


_ Families Having _ 

eldest :3 or 4 children, eldest :5 or more, eldest 

Over l6:Under 7 7-lo Over lo:Under lo Over lo 


233 

301 

77 


120 

123 

98 


33 

32 

103 


150 

194 

77 


107 

138 

78 


70 

45 


346 
41 g 

S3 


124 

l4g 

84 


211 

237 

89 


93 

125 

74 


34 

25 


? 71 

437 

83 


131 

157 

83 


18 

25 

72 


188 

288 

73 


113 

129 

88 


l46 

95 


369 

381 

97 


132 

165 

80 


23 

23 

100 


193 

290 

67 


i4g 

353 

42 


52 

33 


483 

579 

•83 


171 

207 

83 


20 

22 

91 


218 

277 

79 


i44 

196 

73 


54 

32 


499 

5S7 

88 


!93 

254 

76 


30 

35 

86 


238 

4o6 

59 


157 

219 

72 


38 

23 












* 



- 































































APPENDIX A - PRICES USED TO COMPUTE 
VALUES OP FARM GOODS USED FOR-LIVING 


Sale Price Pnrchase 


Milk - per gal. 

.08 

• 20 

Butterfat - per lb. 

.28 

.28 

Eggs - per doz. 

.13 

.14 

Meats - poultry, each 

.50 

• 60 

Hogs, per lb. 

Value 

. 12 ** 

Cattle, per lb. 

listed in 

.14** 

Veal, per lb. 

account 

.18** 

Lamb, per lb. 

book. 

. 20 ** 

Rabbit, each 

.25 

.25 

Meat canned - per quart 

**** 

.50 

Potatoes - per bu. 
Vegetables and fruits - 

.60 

.80 

fresh and stored (bu.) 

.60 

.75 

canned (qts.) 

*** 


Vegetables, dried 

***** 

.06 

Fuel 

60 $ of value 

Account 


in Acct.Book. 

book 

value 


*At the most likely place of purchase for the same 
quality and quantity of the produce, 

**Drcssed weights for: 

hogs - 6 l e j> of live wei^it 
cattle - 52 $ of live weight 
veal - 57 $ live woight 

***20 quarts canned fruits and vegetables equivalent 
of 1 bu. fresh, 

****1 qt. meat equivalent of 3 lbs* fresh. 

*****1 lb. dried vegetables equivalent i)f 5 lbs. fresh. 


APPENDIX B - DEFINITION OF TERMS 


Not farm income - total income to operator, in¬ 
cluding farm goods used for living and inventory 
changes, minus cash farm expenses and deprecia¬ 
tions. 


Not cash income - total cash income minus total 
cash farm expenses. 

Total cash sales - gross cash income from the 
sale of all types of farm products, 

Income used for living - cash living expenditure 
plus sale valuo of farm goods used for living. 

Total value of living - cash living expenditures 
plus purchase values of farm goods used. Rental 
valuo of tho house is not included because the 
figures were not available. 

Auto exponse - total farm and family expenses 
for operation and repair of the automobile. 
Depreciations and nov; autos purchased arc not 
included. 




















» 









APPENDIX C 


Pago 29 




Families 

of various composition, typ 

es, and incomes 



wet ii’arm Income 


$250 

$500 

$750 

$1000 

$1250 

" $1500 




Under 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

Over 

All 

Families Having 

$250 

- - 499 

.. 749 

999 

1249 

1499 

1749 

$1790 

Incomes 

No children 

27 

46 

55 

32 

20 

16 

3 

2 

207 

1 or 2 children, the 










oldest under 7 

30 

73 

67 

49 

20 

10 

5 

3 

257 

7-16 

11 

3S 

42 

27 

14 

8 

1 

4 

145 

Over 16 

7 

12 

13 

15 

11 

6 

2 

4 

70 

3 or 4 children, the 










oldest under 7 

g 

5 

ll 

4 

3 

2 

1 


34 

7 - 16 

14 

35 

3S 

32 

8 

6 

4 

3 

146 

Over l 6 

3 

9 

12 

17 

4 

2 

2 

3 

52 

5 or more, the oldest 










under l 6 

1 

14 

15 

10 

10 

2 

2 


54 

Over l 6 

- 

8 

7 

9 

5 

5 

2 

2 

32 

All Types 

101 

240 

260 

207 

95 

57 

22 

21 

1003 



Families on Various 

Size Farms in the 

Tyne-of-Farming Areas 



Si ze 

Under 

bO -99 

100-139 i4m. 

•99 

200-259 

Over 

All 


Farms 

60 Acres 

Acros 

Acros 

Acres 

Acres 

260 Acres 

Sizes 

North East Dairy Area 


2 

23 

30 

34 


10 

4 

103 

East Central Meat Area 


6 

5S 

69 

23 


15 

7 

218 

North Central Grain Area 


1 

34 

32 

49 


26 

12 

198 

Western Meat Area 


1 

4 o 

46 

91 


33 

8 

219 

Southern Pasture Area 


6 

86 

110 

86 


46 

13 

347 

All Areas 


16 

241 

291 

323 


130 

44 

1045* 


* 


in the 


42 broken families (husband, or wife missing) v/cro included in addition to the IOO 3 families 
family composition type and income grouping. 
































.. 

- '■ 

• • 

- 














I 








■ .... 










- r 































■ 

■ 


. 
























' 



































. 








































APPENDIX D 


COMPARISON OP PSA. FAMILIES WITH LOW INCOME FAMILIES 
IN SAMPLE SURVEY* ON SELECTED ITEMS 


Home Produced Poods: 

Eggs, dozen . 

Hogs, number «... .. 

Fruit & Vegetables canned, qts. . . 

Net Cash Income . 

Average Size Family.. . 

jo of families composed of single 

persons. 

Man & wife, no children . . 

Man & wife, oldest child under age 

over age 6 

jo of families whore head is - 

Age 55 or over . 

Age 25 to 34 . 

Under age 25. . . 

Number of families studied ...... 


FSA 

lecord 

Book 

Study 

Sample 

Survey 

1939 

138 

115 

4 

18 

257 

173 

$130 

$378 

4 

3.6 

0 

8 

21 

11 

• 29 

13 ** *** 

. 50 

68 

5 

36 

46 

16 

10 

3 

1045 

182 


*Low income was defined as not operator income under $700 
and gross income under $ 3000 . 32 jo of the entire number 

of families purveyed fell in this group# Home pro¬ 
duction and family composition data were available for 
only 182 of the 237 low income families. The figures 
are taken from Witt, Lawrence, ”Farm Organization and 
Management Practices on Low Income Iowa Farms”, and 
Ortmeyer, Carl, ”A Sociological Analysis of Factors 
Associated with Low Income Among Farm Families in 
Iowa. I 1 Both arc unpublished theses, Iowa St a. to College 
Library. 

**Snmplo Survey figure is for families with oldest child under 


Page 30 


APPENDIX E 

COMPARISON WiTH ALL FSA FAMILIES IN UNION COUNTY, 
IOWA, AND WITH IOWA. FARM lQffiAGflffiHS ASSOCIATION 

FAMILIES 



1045 

All 133 

Iowa Farm 


Iowa 

Union Co. 

Business 


FSA 

Iowa FSA 

Association 

Farm Goods Used: 

Pork & beef 
(lbs. live wt.). . . . 

Families 

Families* 

Families** 

586 

*** 

904 

Eggs, doz. 

115 

128 

198 

Fruits and vegetables 
canned, qts. 

257 

267 

277 

Total farm goods used 
for living, sale 
value. 

$149 

$154 

• 

$267 

Cash Living Expenditures: 

Food. 

$119 

$110 

$243 

Medical . 

$ 23 

$ 34 

0 89 

Re creat ion—oducation— 
giving . 

$ 28 

$ 30 

$192 

Total cash expenditures• 

$326 

$358 

$1171 

Size family . 

4.0 

4.2 

4.3 

No. families ...... 

1045 

133 

236 

Net farm income .... 

$717 

$633 

$2989 


*From Iowa Extension Service, Leaflet FI- 637 , 

”Second Annual Farm Business Report, FSA 
Borrowers, Union County, Iowa, 1939”• 

**From Iowa Extension Service, Leaflet HMI 95 , 
-VWhere Did the Dollar Co in 1940?” 

***Live wts. not given. Average v/as 2 hogs and .23 

(cattle.' 


age 6 , not under 7 * 
































e 



Western 

Meat 

Area 

219 


LYON 

7 

SIOUX 


17 


pSCEOLA* 


North Central Grain Area - 158 

j DICKINSON 7 EMMET iKOSSUTH 

! 10 ; 4 i 


a 


O 6RIEN 

6 


- - Jl_ 

PLYMOUTH *- ^- 


'ETa7*~! 

I 


-i 


PALC ALTO 


IjVINNEBAGO 1 WORTH ! MITCHELL I HOWARD JwiNNESHiEKjAL 

4 ! 7 ! 4 ! 2 1 


3 


1 


l 


CHEROKEE j BUENA VISTA 

14 j 3 

i 


lji 

j OCAHONTAS'h UMBO IDT 


HANCOCK 

3 


21 


i^RRO OOPDOj-— * T^“ ^ 


I 


l 


7 j 7 j~FAYETTE j CLAYTON 1 




5 

-J 


WRIGHT I FRANKLIN jj 


ENJTLER j BREMER j 


I 


I 



Page 31 

* .. v , \ 

' <V'N*V 

^ .. Nxvv •' 

\.x\ 

X. <% 


I 


North East Dairy 
Area 
103 


l calhoun 


- 1 


WOODBURY [_ IDA | SAC 

25 i 12 | 2 

? - 1 - i - 

MONONA j CRAWFORD I CARROLL 

\ 14 i 19 | 

v 1 


il-1 WEBSTER j._j._ 


1 

10 i 


i 4 


. ^ -BLACK HAWK I BUCHANAN FdELAWARE j DUBUQUE 

(HAMILTON i HARDIN ! j 

1 » f\ 14 1 12 ! 4 

7 !il » J 

r * 


! 8 


! 8 




HARRISON ! SHELBY .'AUDUBON* 
r ! * 

16 ! 7 : 11 


._jl 


II 

li 


i 


8 


GREENE ! BOONE ! STORY |lMARSHALL 

! i 

14 | 5 i 12 

I i . 

r -Xj,-^ J___ 

DALLAS ! POLK 

I 

II i 8 

‘“1 


-1 


TAMA 



?v- i _i_’ I 

) POTTAWATTAMIE I CASS ADAIR jM/vDiSON^J WARREN - TmaRION 




c 


j 11 

_i _ 

) MILLS jMONTQOMEa 

6 ! 14 


( FREMONT j PAGE 

VLA.1 



!l JASPER ~j POWESHIEK 




I 

i 

t 


13 


22 


I 




I 

! 15 j 26 j 47 


! CEDAR 1 

IOWA I JOHNSON ! |__ 

! ! 4 I XoTT 

!_L. 4 

| MUSCATINE 

• 7 


13 I 


11 


MAHASKA I KEOKUK (WASHINGTON^ | -j^g 

i ! . ! s_ 


20 


22 


x 


l 24 

i 


LOUISA 


UNION i CLARKE j LUCAS j MONROE '1 WAPELLO *’I JEFFERSON jj HENRY 


1 


11 


i 


22 


16 ! 14 


IDES MOINE \ 


} DECATUR I WAYNE |APPANOOSE 

i 17 j 19 j 17 


I 


I 


Southern Pasture Area - 347 


I 


• » —# • • 




East Central 
Meat Area 
218 


The figures represent the number of family record hooks included 
in the study from each county. 








































































































